De la compétence pragmatique en langue seconde : une étude des réponses aux compliments en français L1 et L2 en contexte canadien

Abstract

This study examines the pragmatic competence of a group of Canadian English-speaking learners of French at the Intermediate level, focusing on the ways in which the participants respond to compliments in French L2. It was found that the L2 French Learners employ more complex compliment response patterns than simple ones; there was a noticeable tendency for the learners to use more expansive linguistic realization forms and more positive compliment response strategies. Major differences were found with respect to specific realization forms of compliment acceptance in French L1 and L2.

Cuvinte-cheie: reacție la compliment, politețe, franceza ca limba a doua, context canadian

REZUMAT

În articol, cercetăm competența pragmatică în franceză, nivel intermediar, a elevilor vorbitori nativi de engleză. În acest caz, atenția este proiectată pe felul, în care aceștea răspund în franceză la complimente. Se știe că ei întrebuințează mai des, în situația de comunicare dată, răspunsuri-complimente de tip complex și pozitiv, structuri verbale lărgite. Diferențele care se observă țin, mai cu seamă, de receptarea complimentului de persoanele în cauză.

LANGUAGE OF PUBLICATION

French

TITLE IN ENGLISH

Second Language Pragmatic Skills: A Study of Responses to Compliments in French L1 and L2, in Canadian Context

UDC: 811.133.1`22

REFERENCES

Baba, J. (1999). Interlanguage Pragmatics: Compliment Responses by Learners of Japanese and English as a Second Language. Lincom Europa.

Barron, A. (2003). Acquisition in Interlanguage Pragmatics. Learning How to do Things with Words in a Study Abroad Context. Benjamins Publishing Company.

Barron, A. (2008). The Structure of Requests in Irish English and English. In Variational Pragmatics. A Focus on Regional Varieties in Pluricentric Language. Kl. P. Schneider, A. Barron (Eds.) (pp. 35-67). John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Bellachhab, A., Rawashdeh, N. (2009). L’acquisition de la compétence sémantique et pragmatique à partir des stratégies de communication: le cas de l’excuse en tant qu’acte menaçant. In Construction du sens et acquisition de la signification linguistique dans l'interaction. O. Galatanu, M. Pierrard, D. van Raemdonck (éd.) (pp. 165–183). Éditions Peter Lang.

Bergqyist, T. (2009). Compliment Responses among Native and Non-Native English Speakers. Evidence of Pragmatic Transfer from Swedish into English. Bacherlor Degree Project, University of Stockholm.

Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Request and Apologies. (1989). S. Blum-Kulka, J. House, G. Kasper (Eds). Ablex Publishing House.

Bu, J. (2010). A Study of Pragmatic Transfer in Compliment Response Strategies by Chinese Learners of English. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 1(1), 121-129.

Economidou-Kogetsidis, M. (2009). Interlanguage Request Modification: The Use of Lexical/Phrasal Downgraders and Mitigating Supportive Moves. Multilingua, 28(1), 79-111.

Edmonds, A. (2010). ‘Je suis vraiment désolé’ ou comment s’excuser en interlangue. In Identité, alterité et interculturalité. B. de Buron-Brun (éd.) (pp. 69-82). Éditions L’Harmattan.

Gea Valor, M. L. (2000). A Pragmatic Approach to Politeness and Modality in Book Reviews. SELL Monograph Publishing House.

Hancock, V. (2000). Quelques connecteurs et modalisateurs dans le français parlé des apprenants avancés. Étude comparative entre suédophones et locuteurs natifs. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Stockholm.

Herbert, K. R. (1989). The Ethnography of English Compliments and Compliment Responses: A Contrastive Sketch. In Contrastive pragmatics. O. Wieslaw (Ed.) (pp. 3-35). John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Hassall, T. (2001). Modifying Requests in a Second Language. IRAL, 39, 259–283.

Hassall, T. (2003). Requests by Australian learners of Indonesian. Journal of Pragmatics, 35, 1903-1928.

Holmes, J. (1986). Compliments and Compliment Responses in New Zealand English. Anthropological Linguistics, 28(4), 485‐508.

Holmes, J. (1988). Paying Compliments: A Sex-Preferential Politeness Strategies. Journal of Pragmatics, 12, 445-465.

Kasper, G. (1998). Interlanguage Pragmatics. In Learning Foreign and Second Languages. H. Byrnes (Ed.) (pp. 183-208). The Modern Language Association of America Publishing House.

Kasper, G. (2010). Interlanguage Pragmatics. In Variation and Change. Pragmatic Perspective. Fr. Mirjam, J.-O. Östmann, J. Verschueren (Eds.) (pp. 141-154). John Benjamins Piblishing Company.

Jaworski, A. (1995). This is not an Empty Compliment! Polish Compliments and the Expression of Solidarity. International journal of Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 63-94.

Kerbrat-Orecchioni, (2005). C. Les actes de langage dans le discours. Théorie et fonctionnement. Éditions Armand Colin.

Kerbrat-Orecchioni, C. (1998). Les interactions verbales. Tome 3. Éditions Armand Colin.

Kerbrat-Orecchioni, C. (1996). La conversation. Éditions Seuil. 

Mulo Farenkia, B. (2006). Beziehungskommunikation mit Komplimenten. Ethngraphische und gesprächsanalytische Untersuchungen im deutschen und kamerunischen Sprach- und Kulturraum. Peter Lang.

Nelson, L. G., El Bakary W., Al Batal M. (1995). Egyptian and American Compliments: Focus on Second Language Learners. In: Speech Acts across Cultures: Challenges to Communication in a Second Language. S. M. Gass, J. Neu (Eds.) (pp. 109-128). Mouton de Gruyter.

Pellet, S. H. (2005). The Development of Competence in French Interlanguage Pragmatics: The Case of the Discourse Marker ‘donc’. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.

Pöll, B. (2005). Le français langue pluricentrique? Étude sur la variation diatopique d’une langue standard. Peter Lang.

Sharifian, F. (2008). Cultural Schemas in L1 and L2 Compliment Responses: A Study of Persian-Speaking Learners of English. Journal of Politeness Research, 4, 55-80.

Smith, J. B. (2003). The Acquisition of Pragmatic Competence: Compliment Response Strategies in Learners of Spanish. Ph.D. Dissertation, Louisiana State University.

Thaler, V. (2008). L’enjeu de la compétence pragmatique en langue étrangère : une étude sur les procédés de mitigation en allemand L1 et L2. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(3), 193-214.

Traverso, V. (1996). La conversation familière. Analyse pragmatique des interactions. Presses Universitaires de Lyon.

Viljamaa, H. (2012). La compétence pragmatique en FLE. Emploi des requêtes et des remerciements chez des étudiants finlandais. Mémoire de Maîtrise. Université de Turku.

Warga, M. (2004). Pragmatische Entwicklung in der Fremdsprache. Der Sprechakt Aufforderung im Französischen. Gunter Narr Verlag.

Warga, M. (2005). ‘Je serais très merciable': Formulaic vs. Creatively Produced Speech in Learners' Request-Closings. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 67-93.

Warga, M., Schölmberger U. (2007). The Acquisition of French Apologetic Behavior in a Study Abroad Context. In Intercultural Pragmatics, 4(2), 221–251.

Wieland, M. (1995). Complimenting Behavior in French/American Cross-Cultural Dinner Conversations. The French Review, 68(5), 796-812.

Wolfson, N. (1983). An Empirically Based Analysis of Complimenting in American English. In Sociolinguistics and language acquisition. N. Wolfson, E. Judd (Eds.) (pp. 82–95). Newbury Publishing House.

Yu, M.-C. (2005). Sociolinguistic Competence in the Complimenting Act of Native Chinese and American English Speakers: a Mirror of Cultural Value. Language and Speech, 48(1), 91-119.

Zhihong, P.  (2009). Plurilinguisme dans l’interlangue. Synergies Chine, 4, 109-118.

Received: October 11, 2016 | Reviewed: November 2, 2016 | Accepted for publication: November 24, 2016

Google Scholar cited by