The Fabrication of Tess of the d’Urbervilles as Femme Fatale

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62413/lc.2016(1).05

Keywords:

fatal sexuality, degeneracy, erotic fetishes, subversion of male dominance, femme fatale

Abstract

In a consumerist society the human body becomes a fetish, and sexual fetishism is also expressed in the 19th century literature through the prototype of femme fatale. Most authors, who dealt with this issue, highlight the display of power imposed by the fetishized body on the persons who desire it. Due to the bourgeoisie’s hypocrite morality, the 19th century society wanted to conceal sexuality, this being reflected in different forms of prostitution. The female body seen as fetish by male consumers establishes the relation between the buyer and purchaser. Many young girls traded/were forced to trade their bodies and this trade affected all levels of society. We have chosen for our analysis Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles, having the intention to extend Tess’ presentation from the archetypal victim into defining her as a possible femme fatale. Our survey is based on the identification of a certain type of sexuality through a form of sexual focus on an object or a body part. Tess’ body becomes a fetish due to Hardy’s persistent presentation of her sexuality, the text continually reminding the readers that her beauty and charms are not only tragic, but also fatal. This fatality is disclosed gradually and this process of unveiling enhances her physicality and seduction, but also the ultimate fear that underneath these ‘veils’ lies something repugnant or disturbing for Victorian society (as her ‘bad blood’ or her tendency to violence).

 

Cuvinte-cheie: sexulitate, fatalitate, degenerate, fetişuri erotice, subversiunea puterii masculine, femeia fatală

 

REZUMAT

Într-o societate consumeristă, corpul uman devine un fetiş, iar fetişul sexual este exprimat, în literatura secolului XIX, şi prin prototipul femeii fatale. Mulţi autori, care au abordat acest subiect, subliniază puterea pe care o emană un corp fetişizat asupra oamenilor care-l doresc. Dată fiind moralitatea ipocrită burgheză, societatea secolului XIX era dornică să ascundă sexualitatea, manifestată prin diferite tipuri de prostituţie. Corpul femeii perceput ca un fetiş de către consumatorii masculini stabileşte o anumită relaţie între cumpărător şi vânzător. Multe femei tinere îşi vând sau sunt forţate să-şi vândă corpul, iar acest târg afectează toate clasele sociale. Am ales să analizăm romanul lui Thomas Hardy „Tess of the d’Urbervilles” cu intenţia să extindem analiza lui Tess dintr-o victimă arhetipală într-o posibilă femeie fatală. Studiul nostru se bazează pe identificarea unei anumite părţi a corpului drept un obiect fetişizat. Corpul lui Tess devine un fetiş datorită insistenţei cu care Hardy îi prezintă erotismul. Textul aminteşte mereu că frumuseţea şi farmecul lui Tess sunt fatale atât ei, cât şi celorlalţi. Această latură de fatalitate este dezvăluită gradual accentuând puterea de seducţie a corpului ei. Dar întotdeauna există teama că sexualitatea feminină este atât dezgustătoare, cât şi periculoasă pentru victorieni (în cazul lui Tess, vorbim de anumite tendinţe violente moştenite genetic).

 

LANGUAGE OF PUBLICATION

English

 

UDC: 821.111-311.2.09”18/19”

 

REFERENCES

Ghulam, Sh., Abdus S. Thomas Hardy’s Tess: A Seductive Eve or a Blemished Woman? http://www.qurtuba.edu.pk/thedialogue/The%20Dialogue/8_2/Dialogue_April_June2013_218-225.pdf.

Goode, J. (1988). Thomas Hardy: The Offensive Truth. Basil Blackwell.

Hardy, Th. (1991). Tess of the D’ Urbervilles. David Campbell Publishers Ltd.

Havelock. E. (1979). The Westminster Rev. of Thomas Hardy’s Novels. In Th. Hardy. The Critical Heritage. R.G. Cox (Ed.). Routledge.

Moers, E. (1969). Tess as a Cultural Stereotype. In: Albert J. LaValley (Ed.). Twentieth-Century Interpretations of “Tess of the d’Urbervilles”: A Collection of Critical Essays (pp. 98-101). Prentice Hall P.

Stott, R. (1992). The Fabrication of the Late-Victorian Femme Fatale. The Kiss of Death. Palgrave Macmillan.

Tanner, T. (1975). Colour and Movement. In: Draper R.P. (Ed.) Tess of the d’Urbervilles in Thomas Hardy: The Tragic Novels (pp. 182-194). Macmillan Ltd.

 

Received: January 26, 2016 | Reviewed: February 18, 2016 | Accepted for publication: March 10, 2016

 

Google Scholar cited by

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Cătălina Bălinişteanu, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, Romania

MA, author of publications indexed in Scopus, email: balinisteanu.catalina@ub.ro

Downloads

Published

10.05.2016

How to Cite

Bălinişteanu, C. (2016). The Fabrication of Tess of the d’Urbervilles as Femme Fatale. Limbaj şi Context / Speech and Context International Journal of Linguistics, Semiotics and Literary Science, 1(8), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.62413/lc.2016(1).05

Issue

Section

Research articles

Categories